FRP-45

Flame Retardants	Plasiticizers
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UNIPLEX FRP-45

FLAME RETARDANT PLASTICIZER

Uniplex FRP-45 Flame Retardant Plasticizer enables a variety of commodity and engineering thermoplastics to meet flammability standards, without compromising desirable performance properties of the polymer.

Uniplex FRP-45 also exhibits properties as a flow promoter. In many applications, it enhances the molding performance of plastics formulations. Uniplex FRP-45 delivers the processing advantages of a plasticizer without the adverse effects.

A thermally-stable liquid flame retardant plasticizer.

Uniplex FRP-45 is a pale yellow, viscous organic liquid with 45% organically-bound bromine. It has excellent thermal stability as seen in Graph 1 and Tables 1-2.

Graph 1

Table 1: Thermal Stability
TGA, % Weight Loss
at 5%	290° C
at 10%	306° C
at 25%	326° C
at 50%	348° C
at 95%	376° C

Satisfying market demands for a variety of plastics.

Uniplex FRP-45 can be used in a wide variety of applications:

Wire and cable

Electronic components

Engineering plastics

Fabrics, carpeting, and upholstery

Insulation for construction

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

Table 3

Specific Gravity	1.545
Viscosity
25° C	1595 cps
38° C	540 cps
100° C	24 cps
Pour Point	-24° C (-11° F)
Flash Point	260° C (500° F)
Fire Point	285° C (545° F)
Autoignition Temperature	450° C (842° F)

TOXICOLOGICAL PROPERTIES

Table 4

Acute toxicity
Oral LD₅₀	> 5000 mg/Kg (rat) no effects
Dermal LD₅₀	> 2000 mg/Kg (rabbit)

APPLICATIONS IN FLEXIBLE PVC
WIRE & CABLE APPLICATIONS

Uniplex FRP-45 Flame Retardant Plasticizer enables compounders of PVC wire and cable insulation unique advantages:

High flame retardant efficiency versus phosphate-based plasticizers

Excellent thermal stability with low volatility allowing to achieve the maximum 105° C rating as measured by UL1581 Standard

Good plasticizing ability as a substitute for primary plasticizers (See Table 6)
Compatible with all primary plasticizers

Good insulative properties

Table 5

COMPONENT	PARTS
PVC Resin (Geon 30¹)	100
Uniplex FRP-45	Varied²
Uniplex 546-A (TOTM)	Varied²
Lead Stabilizer	5
Antimony Trioxide	15
¹B.F. Goodrich Co.	² Constant total plasticizer volume

Table 6

PLASTICIZER COMPOSITION (Constant Volume 61 ml)

	1	2	3	4	5
Uniplex FRP-45	----	20	40	60	93.4
Uniplex 546-A (TOTM)	60	47.2	34.3	21.5	0
Oxygen Index	27	31	33	36	42

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

Tensile Modulus at 100% Strain (psi)	1640	1740	1760	1830	1980
Tensile Strength at Break	1860	1880	2050	2320	2520
Elongation (%)	308	286	278	263	239
Shore A Hardness	88	88	88	90	92

UL1581 - 105° C RATING (Exposure for 7 days at 135° C)

Tensile Modulus at 100% Strain (psi)	1770	1870	2000	2020	2220
Tensile Strength at Break	1625	1800	2010	2170	2370
Elongation (%)	280	270	260	250	220
Shore A Hardness	89	89	89	91	94

WEIGHT LOSS (Exposure for 24 hours at 70° C)

ASTM D1203

0.3

0.5

0.2

0.1

NBS SMOKE VALUES (ASTM E662)

Smoldering (D_MC)	200	190	180	170	140
Flaming (D_MC)	450	450	440	180	170

LOW TEMPERATURE BRITTLENESS (° C)

ASTM D746

-22

-20

-14

-6

DIELECTRIC CONSTANT

ASTM D150

4.9

4.7

4.4

4.2

3.4

EVALUATION OF UNIPLEX FRP-45 WITH ANTIMONY TRIOXIDE IN FLEXIBLE PVC APPLICATIONS

Uniplex FRP-45 works well in conjunction with Antimony Trioxide (Sb₂O₃) (See Tables 7 - 9). This synergy allows attainment of:

Higher oxygen index levels

Lower smoke generation (NBS smoke chamber)

Improved low temperature brittleness

Minimize effect on the PVC resin’s specific gravity than with Sb₂O₃alone

Table 7

FORMULATION

COMPONENT	PARTS
PVC Resin (Geon 30¹)	100
Uniplex FRP-45	Varied²
DIDP	Varied²
Lead Stabilizer	10
Lubricant (ROSSWAX148)	1.5

¹B.F. Goodrich Co. ² Constant total plasticizer volume

Table 8

UNIPLEX FRP-45/ANTIMONY TRIOXIDE SYNERGY

	1	2	3	4	5
Uniplex FRP-45 (phr)	---	5	8	10	12
Sb₂O₃ (phr)	---	3	3	3	3
DIDP (phr)	45	42	40	38	37

Oxygen Index	25.0	30.5	31.0	31.5	33.0
Tensile Modulus at 100% Strain (psi)	1990	2100	2060	2130	2140
Elongation (%)	310	310	280	300	280
Shore A Hardness	92	93	93	92	93
Low Temperature Brittleness (° C)	-20	-16	-16	-16	-18
NBS Smoke Flaming D_MC	410	530	550	510	550

Table 9

STRAIGHT ANTIMONY TRIOXIDE

	1	2	3	4	5
Sb₂O₃ (phr)	1	3	6	9	12
DIDP (PHR)	45	45	45	45	45
Oxygen Index	26.0	29.0	30.0	30.0	31.0

Tensile Modulus at 100% Strain (psi)	2120	2130	2190	2200	2180
Elongation (%)	250	220	220	280	260
Shore A Hardness	91	93	93	94	94
Low Temperature Brittleness (° C)	-18	-16	-22	-12	-10
NBS Smoke-Flaming (D_MC)	380	490	540	640	660

COMPARISON OF FLAME RETARDANT PLASTICIZERS IN FLEXIBLE PVC WIRE AND CABLE APPLICATIONS

Uniplex FRP-45 combines high flame retardancy with plasticization when used in flexible PVC wire and cable compound. Formulations incorporating Uniplex FRP-45 achieve higher oxygen index values than those containing the traditional organophosphates (eg. Kronitex 100 from FMC Corporation and Santicizer 148 from Monsanto). The primary plasticizer (Uniplex 546-A, TOTM) was replaced with flame retardant plasticizers to achieve oxygen index values of 29 and 32.

Table 10

FORMULATION

COMPONENT	PARTS
PVC Resin (Geon 30¹)	100
Uniplex 546-A (TOTM)	Varied² (see table below)
Flame Retardant Plasticizer	Varied²(see table below)
Lead Stabilizer	5
Antimony Trioxide	1.5
¹B.F. Goodrich Co.	² Plasticizer volume held constant

Table 11

Plasticizer volume held constant

Plasticizer	1	2	3	4	5	6
Uniplex FRP-45	16	---	---	29	---	---
Santicizer 148	---	25	---	---	64	---
Kronitex 100	---	---	20	---	---	35
Uniplex 546-A (TOTM)	53	38	42	46	---	30

Physical Properties
Oxygen Index	29	29	29	32	31*	32
Tensile Modulus (psi)	1560	1170	1430	1690	1090	1500
Tensile Strength at Break (psi)	1710	2020	1750	1790	1890	2230
Elongation (%)	340	315	290	315	315	310
Shore A Hardness	85	81	85	86	81	85
Low Temperature Brittleness (° C)	-20	-26	-18	-18	-20	-20

UL1581 - 105° C Test (7 days at 135° C)

Tensile Strength at Break (psi)	1930	2570	2720	1840	2880	2820
Elongation (%)	280	210	220	300	220	190
Retention Tensile Strength/	113/82	127/67	155/75	103/95	152/70	150/61
Elongation (%)

* Cannot achieve Oxygen Index of 32 with Santicizer 148

APPLICATIONS IN EPDM

Uniplex FRP-45 combines high flame retardancy with plasticization when used in Ethylene-Propylene-Diene Monomer (EDPM) formulations. Uniplex FRP-45 can achieve a UL-94 V-O rating at lower loadings than with traditional flame retardant systems. Uniplex FRP-45 offers the following advantages:

High flame retardant efficiency

Good plasticization

High thermal stability

Good compatibility with EPDM

Low smoke values (NBS smoke chamber versus traditional flame retardant systems)

Better (aged and unaged) physical properties

Good UV stability

Table 12

FORMULATION

COMPONENT	PARTS
Royalene 512 EPDM	100
Talc	60
Titanium Dioxide	30
Tufflo 6056 Oil	Varied
Stabilizers and Processing Aids	19
Antimony Trioxide	7
Sulfur	1.5

Performance in UL-94 V-0 EPDM

Table 13

	Control	Uniplex FRP-45	Saytex BT-93¹	Dechlorane Plus²
Load Level (phr)	---	40	63	85
Oil Level (phr)	60	35	60	60
Oxygen Index	18	27	27	27
NBS Smoke - Flaming	220	300	355	300
Shore A Hardness	61	63	62	71
Tensile Strength (psi)	1400	1460	1430	1090
Tensile Modulus (psi)	260	250	230	280
Elongation (%)	680	610	610	600

^{1 Albemarle Corporation ² Occidental Chemical}

UL1581 105° C RATING (Exposure for 7 days at 135° C)

Tensile Strength Retention (%)	86	90	76	73
Elongation Retention (%)	40	44	34	27
Shore A Hardness	70	67	71	81

UV Stability (300 hours exposure Xenon Lamp)

E-Color	5.5	8.8	12.5	14.2
Yellowness Index	-7.6	-4.9	-18.5	-12.6

UNITEX CHEMICAL CORPORATION
520 Broome Road
Greensboro, North Carolina 27406
(336) 378-0965

These suggestions and data are based on information we believe to be reliable. They are offered in good faith, but without guarantee, as conditions and methods of use of our products are beyond our control. We recommend that the prospective user determine the suitability of our materials and suggestions before adopting them on a commercial scale. Suggestions for uses of our product should not be understood as recommendations that they be used in violation of any patents.

Flame Retardants	Plasiticizers
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